Thanks to all for the replies. However, if you don't know you've been mind-wiped until after the mind-wipe fails, you might present a vivid counter-example to others, but YOU aren't suffering. Considering the Federation's opinion of rebellion, I'd think they'd a) make sure that the conditioning DIDN'T break down [I know, then there's no series, but still] and b) make sure that the convicted rebel knew damn well what had happened to him/her and his/her family.
-(Y)